RESEARCH

The research behind living soil

A growing database of soil food web science — Dr. Elaine Ingham’s publications, research from the wider field, and, as our open-research program matures, studies from the Foundation and its partners.

Publications

Contributions and suggestions are welcome at [email protected].

Dr. Elaine’s publications

1982

Relationship between fluorescein diacetate-stained hyphae and oxygen utilization, glucose utilization and biomass of submerged fungal batch cultures

Ingham, E.R. and D.A. Klein · Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 44:363-370

Journal article
1982

The effect of chloroform on protozoa and other soil inhabitants

McClellan, J.F., D.C. Coleman, K.A. Horton and E.R. Ingham · J. Protozool., 29:491

Journal article
1982

Ultraviolet-induced autofluorescence of arbuscular mycorrhizal root infections: An alternative to clearing and staining methods for assessing infections

Ames, R.N., E.R. Ingham and C.P.P. Reid · Can. J. Microbiol., 28:351-355

Journal article
1982

Ultraviolet-induced autofluorescence: a new method for detecting and quantifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal root infections

Ames, R.N., E.R. Ingham and C.P.P. Reid · Phytopathology, 72(7):950

Journal article
1984

Effects of streptomycin, cycloheximide, fungizone, captan, carbofuran, cygon and PCNB on soil microbe populations and nutrient cycling

Ingham, E.R. and D.C. Coleman · Microbial Ecology, 10:345-358

Journal article
1984

Phosphatase activity of Penicillium citrinum submerged batch cultures and its relationship to fungal activity

Ingham, E.R. and D.A. Klein · Plant and Soil, 81:61-68

Journal article
1984

Rhizosphere bacterial population responses to root colonization by a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

Ames, R.N., C.P.P. Reid and E.R. Ingham · New Phytol., 96:555-563

Journal article
1984

Soil fungi: Measurement of hyphal length

Ingham, E.R. and D.A. Klein · Soil Biol. Biochem., 16:279-280

Journal article
1984

Soil fungi: Relationships between hyphal activity and staining with fluorescein diacetate

Ingham, E.R. and D.A. Klein · Soil Biol. Biochem., 16:273-278

Journal article
1985

Filter-out grazers (FOG): A filtration experiment for separating protozoan grazers in soil

Frey, J.S., J.F. McClellan, E.R. Ingham and D.C. Coleman · Biol. Fert. Soils, 1:73-79

Journal article
1985

Interactions of bacteria, fungi and their nematode grazers: Effects on nutrient cycling and plant growth

Ingham, R.E., J.A. Trofymow, E.R. Ingham and D.C. Coleman · Ecological Monographs, 55:119-140

Journal article
1985

Responses of microbial components of the rhizosphere to plant management strategies in semiarid rangeland

Ingham, E.R., D.A. Klein and M.J. Trlica · Plant and Soil, 85:65-76

Journal article
1985

Review of the effects of twelve selected biocides on target and non-target soil organisms

Ingham, E.R. · Crop Protection, 4:3-32

Journal article
1986

Manipulation of bacteria, fungi and protozoa by biocides in lodgepole pine forest soil microcosms: Effects on organism interactions and nitrogen mineralization

Ingham, E.R., C. Cambardella and D.C. Coleman · Can. J. Soil Sci., 66:261-272

Journal article
1986

Trophic interactions and nitrogen cycling in a semiarid grassland soil. Part I. Seasonal dynamics of the natural populations, their interactions and effects on nitrogen cycling

Ingham, E.R., J.A. Trofymow, R.N. Ames, H.W. Hunt, C.R. Morley, J.C. Moore and D.C. Coleman · J. Applied Ecology, 23:597-614

Journal article
1986

Trophic interactions and nitrogen cycling in a semiarid grassland soil. Part II. System responses to removal of different groups of soil microbes or fauna

Ingham, E.R., J.A. Trofymow, R.N. Ames, H.W. Hunt, C.R. Morley, J.C. Moore and D.C. Coleman · J. Applied Ecology, 23:615-630

Journal article
1987

Bacterial, fungal and protozoan responses to chloroform fumigation in stored prairie soil

Ingham, E.R. and K.A. Horton · Soil Biol. Biochem., 19:545-550

Journal article
1987

Inter- and intraspecific feeding selectivity of Folsomia candida (Willem) (Collembola, Isotomidae) on fungi: Method development and ecological consequences

Moore, J.C., E.R. Ingham and D.C. Coleman · Biol. Fert. Soils, 5:6-12

Journal article
1987

The detrital food web in a short grass prairie

Hunt, H.W., D.C. Coleman, E.R. Ingham, R.E. Ingham, E.T. Elliott, J.C. Moore, C.P.P. Reid and C.R. Morley · Biol. Fert. Soils, 3:57-68

Journal article
1988

Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycling in terrestrial ecosystems

Coleman, D.C. and E.R. Ingham · Biogeochemistry, 5:3-6

Journal article
1988

Early patterns of heterotroph activity in conifer logs

Carpenter, S.E., M.E. Harmon, E.R. Ingham, R.G. Kelsey, J.D. Lattin and T.D. Schowalter · Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 94B:33-43

Journal article
1988

Interactions between soil animals and ectomycorrhizal fungal mats

Cromack, K., Jr., B.L. Fichter, A.M. Moldenke, J.A. Entry and E.R. Ingham · Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 24:161-168

Journal article
1988

Nitrogen limitation of decomposition and primary production in short grass, mountain meadow and lodgepole pine forest

Hunt, H.W., E.R. Ingham, D.C. Coleman, E.T. Elliott and C.P.P. Reid · Ecology, 69:1009-1016

Journal article
1988

Report on the selection of several potentially critical terrestrial systems

Wilson, M.V., E.R. Ingham, C.D. McIntire and M.L. Scott · USEPA

Peer-reviewed technical report
1988

Social and economic concerns with respect to the choice of critical terrestrial ecosystems

Ingham, E.R., M.V. Wilson and C.D. McIntire · USEPA

Technical report
1989

A general model of biotic interactions

Ingham, E.R., M.V. Wilson and C.D. McIntire · Special Report to the USEPA, CR-813570-01-0, 36 pp.

Peer-reviewed technical report
1989

Analysis of food-web structure and function in a short grass prairie, a mountain meadow and lodgepole pine forest

Ingham, E.R., D.C. Coleman and J.C. Moore · Biol. Fertil. Soils, 8:29-37

Journal article
1990

Seasonal and faunal effects on decomposition in semiarid prairie, meadow and lodgepole pine forest

Coleman, D.C., E.R. Ingham, H.W. Hunt, E.T. Elliott, C.P.P. Reid and J.C. Moore · Pedobiologia, 34:207-219

Journal article
1990

Use of staining and inhibitors to separate fungal and bacterial activity in soil

Stamatiadis, S., J.W. Doran and E.R. Ingham · Soil Biol. Biochem., 22:81-88

Journal article
1991

A comparison of agar film techniques for estimating fungal biovolumes in litter and soil

Lodge, D.J. and E.R. Ingham · Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 34:131-144

Journal article
1991

Bioresponse of nontarget organisms resulting from the use of chloropicrin to control laminated root rot in a northwest conifer forest

Ingham, E.R., W.G. Thies, D.L. Luoma, A.R. Moldenke and M.A. Castellano · Report

Peer-reviewed technical report
1991

Comparison of direct versus fumigation incubation microbial biomass estimates in ectomycorrhizal mat and non-mat soils

Ingham, E.R., R. Griffiths, K. Cromack and J.A. Entry · Soil Biol. Biochem., 23:465-471

Journal article
1991

Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi, rhizosphere organisms, and plants

Ingham, E.R. and R. Molina · Pages 169-197 in Barbosa, P., V.A. Krischik and C.G. Jones (eds), Microbial Mediation of Plant-Herbivore Interactions. John Wiley and Sons, NY

Book chapter
1991

Microbial characteristics of ectomycorrhizal mat communities in Oregon and California

Griffiths, R.P., E.R. Ingham, B.A. Caldwell, M.A. Castellano and K. Cromack, Jr. · Biology and Fertility of Soils, 11:196-202

Journal article
1991

Reduction of microbial and faunal groups following application of streptomycin and captan in Georgia no-till agroecosystems

Ingham, E.R., D.C. Coleman, R. Parmelee and D.A. Crossley · Pedobiologia, 35:297-304

Journal article
1992

Decomposition of fallen trees: Effects of initial conditions and heterotroph colonization rates

Schowalter, T.D., B.A. Caldwell, S.E. Carpenter, R.P. Griffiths, M.E. Harmon, E.R. Ingham, R.G. Kelsey, J.D. Lattin and A.R. Moldenke · Pages 373-383 in K.P. Singh and J.S. Singh (eds), Tropical Ecosystems: Ecology and Management. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi

Book chapter
1992

Evaluation of terrestrial indicators for use in ecological assessments at hazardous waste sites

Linder, G., E.R. Ingham, C.J. Brandt and G. Henderson · USEPA/600/R-92/183

Peer-reviewed technical report
1993

The functional significance and regulation of soil biodiversity: An executive summary of the Soil Ecology Society meeting

Ingham, E.R. · Soil Ecology Society Newsletter, 5:2-9

Magazine article
1993

The sustainable biosphere initiative: A commentary from the U.S. Soil Ecology Society

Klopatek, C.C., E.G. O'Neill, D.W. Freckman, C.D. Bledsoe, D.A. Coleman, D.A. Crossley, Jr., E.R. Ingham, D. Parkinson and J.M. Klopatek · Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 73:223-228

Journal article
1993

Use of soil foodweb structure and function to assess superfund sites

Ingham, E.R. · USEPA Ecological Site Assessment Program, Corvallis Environmental Research Lab

Peer-reviewed technical report
1994

Population responses of target and non-target forest-soil organisms to selected biocides

Colinas, C., E. Ingham and R. Molina · Soil Biol. Biochem., 26:41-47

Journal article
1994

Protozoan communities around conifer roots colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi

Ingham, E.R. and H. Massicotte · Mycorrhiza, 5:53-61

Journal article
1994

Soil organisms and forest health

Ingham, E.R. · Headwaters Journal, Spring:12-15

Magazine article
1994

Soil protozoa

Ingham, E.R. · In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Microbiological and Biochemical Properties, P. Bottomley (ed). Soil Science Society of America

Book chapter
1994

Standard Operating Procedure for Total Bacteria

Ingham, E.R. · USEPA Global Climate Change Program, Corvallis Environmental Research Lab

Peer-reviewed technical report
1994

Use of sulfamethoxazole-penicillin, oxytetracycline, carbofuran, carbaryl, naphthalene and Temik to remove key organism groups in soil in a corn agroecosystem

Coleman, D.C., D.A. Crossley, Jr. and E.R. Ingham · J. Sustain. Agric., 4(3):7-30

Journal article
1995

Assessing interactions between the soil foodweb and a strain of Pseudomonas putida genetically engineered to degrade 2,4-D

Ingham, E.R., J.D. Doyle and C.W. Hendricks · Applied Soil Ecology, 2:263-274

Journal article
1995

Biosafety regulation

Ingham, E.R. · Edmonds Institute, Edmonds, WA

Technical report
1995

Biosafety regulations: A critique of existing documents

Ingham, E.R. and M. Holmes · The Edmonds Institute, Edmonds, WA

Technical report
1995

Microflora and microfauna on stems and trunks: Diversity, food webs and effects on plants

Ingham, E.R. and A. Moldenke · Pages 241-256 in Gartner, B.L. (ed), Plant Stems: Physiology and Functional Morphology. Academic Press, San Diego

Book chapter
1995

Standard Operating Procedure for Microbial Population Dynamics

Ingham, E.R. · USEPA Global Climate Change Program, Corvallis Environmental Research Lab

Peer-reviewed technical report
1995

Standard Operating Procedure for Nematode Population and Community Structure

Ingham, E.R. · USEPA Global Climate Change Program, Corvallis Environmental Research Lab

Peer-reviewed technical report
1995

Standard Operating Procedure for Protozoan Populations and Community Structure

Ingham, E.R. · USEPA Global Climate Change Program, Corvallis Environmental Research Lab

Peer-reviewed technical report
1996

Foundations of bio-diversity in managed Douglas-fir forests

Carey, A.B., D.R. Thysell, L.J. Villa, T.M. Wilson, S.M. Wilson, J.M. Trappe, W. Colgan, E.R. Ingham and M. Holmes · In: Peterson, D.L. and C.V. Klimas (eds), The role of restoration in the ecosystem. Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium for Ecological Restoration. Madison, WI: Society for Ecological Restoration, 68-82

Conference proceedings
1996

Responses of soil foodweb organisms in the first year following clearcutting and application of chloropicrin to control laminated root rot

Ingham, E.R. and W.G. Thies · Applied Soil Ecol., 3:35-47

Journal article
1997

Changes in rhizosphere microflora and microfauna 10 years following Douglas-fir live tree injection with chloropicrin or methylisothiocyanate

Ingham, E.R. and W. Thies · Can. J. For. Res., 27:724-731

Journal article
1997

Chemistry and microbial activity of forest and pasture riparian-zone soils along three Pacific Northwest streams

Griffiths, R.P., J.A. Entry, E.R. Ingham and W.H. Emmingham · Plant and Soil, 190:169-178

Journal article
1997

Conventional and organic alternatives to methyl bromide on California strawberries: Effect of Brassica residues and spent mushroom compost following successive chemical fumigation

Sances, F.V. and E.R. Ingham · Compost Science and Utilization, 5:23-37

Journal article
1997

Soil foodweb structure and function in forests: A comparison of conifer, deciduous, riparian and managed forests

Ingham, E.R. · Proceedings of the IUFRO Interdisciplinary Uneven-aged Management Symposium

Conference proceedings
1997

Soil microbiology

Ingham, E.R. · In Sylvia, D. and P. Hartel (eds), Soil Microbiology: Environmental and Agricultural Perspectives. Oxford University Press

Book chapter
1998

Ectomycorrhizae establishment on Douglas-fir seedlings following chloropicrin treatment to control laminated-root rot disease: Assessment 4 and 5 years after outplanting

Massicotte, H.B., L.E. Tackaberry, E.R. Ingham and W.G. Thies · Appl. Soil Ecol., 10:117-126

Journal article
1998

Foodweb methodology to assess ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors in soil

Hendricks, C.W., M.T. Holmes and E.R. Ingham · Trends in Soil Science, 2:181-189

Journal article
1998

Soil organisms and their role in healthy turf

Ingham, E.R. · Turf Grass Trends, 7:1-6

Magazine article
1998

Soil view: Anaerobic bacteria and compost tea

Ingham, E.R. · BioCycle, 39(6):86

Magazine article
1998

Sustainable agriculture and the ecology of soil

Ingham, E.R. and J. Barlow · Perspectives on Business and Global Change, 12:31-42

Journal article
1999

Compost tea, Part I & II

Ingham, E. · BioCycle, 40:74-75

Magazine article
1999

Dynamics of soil fungal and bacterial biomass in a temperate climate alley cropping system

Seiter, S., E.R. Ingham and R.D. William · Appl. Soil Ecol., 12(2):139-147

Journal article
1999

Effects of Klebsiella planticola SDF20 on soil biota and wheat growth in sandy soil

Holmes, M.T., E.R. Ingham, J.D. Doyle and C.W. Hendricks · Appl. Soil Ecol., 11:67-78

Journal article
1999

Soil biology and ecology

Rygiewicz, P.T. and E.R. Ingham · Environmental Geology, 564-568

Book chapter
1999

The Compost Tea Handbook 1.1

Ingham, E.R. and M. Alms · Self-published

Book
1999

The mycorrhizal colonization of six wetland plant species at sites differing in land use history

Ingham, E.R. and M.V. Wilson · Mycorrhiza, 9(4):233-235

Journal article
1999

The Soil Biology Primer, Chapters 1-5: The Soil Foodweb; Soil Bacteria; Soil Fungi; Soil Protozoa; Soil Nematodes

Ingham, E.R. · NRCS Soil Quality Institute, USDA

USDA
2000

Brewing compost tea

Ingham, E.R. · Kitchen Gardener, 29:16-19

Magazine article
2000

The Compost Tea Brewing Manual

Ingham, E.R. · Sustainable Studies Institute, Eugene, OR. 60 pp.

Book
2000

The functional roles of forest soil arthropods: The soil is a lively place

Moldenke, A., M. Pajutee and E. Ingham · Proceedings of the California Forest Soils Council Conference on Forest Soils Biology and Forest Management. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-178, pages 7-22

Conference proceedings
2001

Micronized compost and microbial life in compost

Ingham, E.R. · BioCycle, 42(7):58

Magazine article
2002

Effect of cover crops and tillage system on symphylan (Symphyla: Scutigerella immaculata, Newport) and Pergamasus quisquiliarum Canestrini (Acari: Mesostigmata) populations

Peachey, R.E., A. Moldenke, R.D. William, R. Berry, E. Ingham and E. Groth · Applied Soil Ecology, 21(1):59-70

Journal article
2002

Wildlife and the remediation of contaminated soils: Extending the analysis of ecological risks to habitat restoration

Linder, G., G. Henderson and E. Ingham · Handbook of Ecotoxicology, 191-214

Book chapter
2004

Effects of compost amended container media on ornamental plant growth

Highland, M.T.F., D.C. Sclar, E.R. Ingham, K.L. Gartley and J.E. Swasey · HortScience, 39(4):750C-750

Journal article
2004

The soil foodweb: Its role in ecosystem health

Ingham, E.R. · The Overstory Book: Cultivating Connections with Trees, 62

Book chapter
2004

The soil foodweb: soil and composts as living ecosystems

Ingham, E.R. and M.D. Slaughter · First International Conference Soil and Compost Eco-Biology, León, Spain

Conference proceedings
2005

Comparison of soil biota between organic and conventional agroecosystems in Oregon, USA

Ingham, E.R. · Pedosphere, 15(3):395-403

Journal article
2008

A comparison of soil food webs beneath C3- and C4-dominated grasslands

Dornbush, M., C. Cambardella, E. Ingham and J. Raich · Biology and Fertility of Soils, 45(1):73-81

Journal article
2010

Soil life in reconstructed ecosystems: initial soil food web responses after rebuilding a forest soil profile for a climate change experiment

Rygiewicz, P.T., V.J. Monleon, E.R. Ingham, K.J. Martin and M.G. Johnson · Applied Soil Ecology, 45(1):26-38

Journal article
2015

Differences in milk characteristics between a cow herd transitioning to organic versus milk from a conventional dairy herd

Tunick, M.H., M. Paul, E.R. Ingham, H.J. Karreman and D.L. Van Hekken · International Journal of Dairy Technology, 68(4):511-518

Journal article
2016

Case study: Comparison of milk composition from adjacent organic and conventional farms in the USA

Tunick, M.H., D.L. Van Hekken, M. Paul, E.R. Ingham and H.J. Karreman · International Journal of Dairy Technology, 69(1):137-142

Journal article

Work with us on research

We’re opening our data, replicating key experiments, and partnering with universities and independent researchers to test the soil food web approach across ecoregions. If that’s your work too, let’s talk.

Start a research conversation